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                    程序结构
            
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                    类型
            
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                    基础数据类型
            
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                    字符串
            
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                    常量
            
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                    复合数据类型
            
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                    数组
            
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                    Slice
            
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                    Map
            
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                    结构体
            
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                    JSON
            
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                    文本和HTML模板
            
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                    函数
            
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                    函数声明
            
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                    递归
            
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                    多返回值
            
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                    错误
            
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                    函数值
            
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                    匿名函数
            
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                    可变参数
            
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                    Deferred函数
            
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                    Panic异常
            
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                    Recover捕获异常
            
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                    方法
            
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                    方法声明
            
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                    基于指针对象的方法
            
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                    通过嵌入结构体来扩展类型
            
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                    方法值和方法表达式
            
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                    示例: Bit数组
            
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                    封装
            
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                    接口
            
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                    接口是合约
            
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                    接口类型
            
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                    实现接口的条件
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.4" data-path="../ch7/ch7-04.html">
            
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                    flag.Value接口
            
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                    接口值
            
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                    sort.Interface接口
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.7" data-path="../ch7/ch7-07.html">
            
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                    http.Handler接口
            
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                    error接口
            
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                    示例: 表达式求值
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.10" data-path="../ch7/ch7-10.html">
            
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                    类型断言
            
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                    基于类型断言识别错误类型
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.12" data-path="../ch7/ch7-12.html">
            
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                    通过类型断言查询接口
            
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                    类型分支
            
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                    示例: 基于标记的XML解码
            
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                    补充几点
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9" data-path="../ch8/ch8.html">
            
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                    Goroutines和Channels
            
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                    Goroutines
            
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                    示例: 并发的Clock服务
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.3" data-path="../ch8/ch8-03.html">
            
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                    示例: 并发的Echo服务
            
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                    Channels
            
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                    并发的循环
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.6" data-path="../ch8/ch8-06.html">
            
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                    示例: 并发的Web爬虫
            
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                    基于select的多路复用
            
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                    示例: 并发的目录遍历
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.9" data-path="../ch8/ch8-09.html">
            
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                    并发的退出
            
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                    示例: 聊天服务
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10" data-path="../ch9/ch9.html">
            
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                    基于共享变量的并发
            
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                    竞争条件
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.2" data-path="../ch9/ch9-02.html">
            
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                    sync.Mutex互斥锁
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.3" data-path="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
            
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                    sync.RWMutex读写锁
            
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                    内存同步
            
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                    sync.Once惰性初始化
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.6" data-path="../ch9/ch9-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch9/ch9-06.html">
            
                    
                    竞争条件检测
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.7" data-path="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
            
                <a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 并发的非阻塞缓存
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.8" data-path="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
            
                <a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
            
                    
                    Goroutines和线程
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11" data-path="../ch10/ch10.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10.html">
            
                    
                    包和工具
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.1" data-path="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
            
                    
                    包简介
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.2" data-path="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
            
                    
                    导入路径
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.3" data-path="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
            
                    
                    包声明
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.4" data-path="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
            
                    
                    导入声明
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.5" data-path="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
            
                    
                    包的匿名导入
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.6" data-path="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
            
                    
                    包和命名
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.7" data-path="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
            
                    
                    工具
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12" data-path="../ch11/ch11.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11.html">
            
                    
                    测试
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.1" data-path="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
            
                    
                    go test
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.2" data-path="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
            
                    
                    测试函数
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.3" data-path="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
            
                    
                    测试覆盖率
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.4" data-path="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
            
                    
                    基准测试
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.5" data-path="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
            
                    
                    剖析
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.6" data-path="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
            
                    
                    示例函数
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13" data-path="../ch12/ch12.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12.html">
            
                    
                    反射
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.1" data-path="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
            
                    
                    为何需要反射?
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.2" data-path="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
            
                    
                    reflect.Type和reflect.Value
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.3" data-path="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
            
                    
                    Display递归打印
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.4" data-path="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 编码S表达式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.5" data-path="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
            
                    
                    通过reflect.Value修改值
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.6" data-path="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 解码S表达式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.7" data-path="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
            
                    
                    获取结构体字段标签
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.8" data-path="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
            
                    
                    显示一个类型的方法集
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.9" data-path="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
            
                    
                    几点忠告
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14" data-path="../ch13/ch13.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13.html">
            
                    
                    底层编程
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.1" data-path="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
            
                    
                    unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.2" data-path="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
            
                    
                    unsafe.Pointer
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.3" data-path="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 深度相等判断
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.4" data-path="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
            
                    
                    通过cgo调用C代码
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.5" data-path="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
            
                    
                    几点忠告
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15" data-path="../appendix/appendix.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix.html">
            
                    
                    附录
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.1" data-path="../appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
            
                    
                    附录A：原文勘误
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.2" data-path="../appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
            
                    
                    附录B：作者译者
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.3" data-path="../appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
            
                    
                    附录C：译文授权
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.4" data-path="../appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
            
                    
                    附录D：其它语言
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
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                                <h2 id="66-&#x5C01;&#x88C5;">6.6. &#x5C01;&#x88C5;</h2>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x5BF9;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x89C1;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x5C31;&#x88AB;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E3A;&#x201C;&#x5C01;&#x88C5;&#x201D;&#x3002;&#x5C01;&#x88C5;&#x6709;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x4E5F;&#x88AB;&#x53EB;&#x505A;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x9690;&#x85CF;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x9762;&#x5411;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x6700;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x53EF;&#x89C1;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x624B;&#x6BB5;&#xFF1A;&#x5927;&#x5199;&#x9996;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#x7684;&#x6807;&#x8BC6;&#x7B26;&#x4F1A;&#x4ECE;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x4E2D;&#x88AB;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;&#x5C0F;&#x5199;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#x7684;&#x5219;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#x5305;&#x5185;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x9002;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;struct&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x800C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x60F3;&#x8981;&#x5C01;&#x88C5;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;struct&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x5C0F;&#x8282;&#x4E2D;IntSet&#x88AB;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E3A;struct&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#xFF0C;&#x5C3D;&#x7BA1;&#x5B83;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> IntSet <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
    words []<span class="hljs-keyword">uint64</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x7136;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x628A;IntSet&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;slice&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C31;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x628A;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4E2D;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x91CC;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x7684;s.words&#x7528;<code>*s</code>&#x66FF;&#x6362;&#x6389;&#x4E86;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> IntSet []<span class="hljs-keyword">uint64</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5C3D;&#x7BA1;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;IntSet&#x5728;&#x672C;&#x8D28;&#x4E0A;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5B83;&#x4E5F;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x5305;&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x5E76;&#x7F16;&#x8F91;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;slice&#x3002;&#x6362;&#x53E5;&#x8BDD;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;<code>*s</code>&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x4F1A;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;s.words&#x53EA;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5728;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;IntSet&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x4E2D;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#xFF08;&#x8BD1;&#x6CE8;&#xFF1A;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x63A8;&#x8350;&#x540E;&#x8005;&#x5427;&#x7684;&#x610F;&#x601D;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x7684;&#x624B;&#x6BB5;&#x4F7F;&#x5F97;&#x5728;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#x6700;&#x5C0F;&#x7684;&#x5C01;&#x88C5;&#x5355;&#x5143;&#x662F;package&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x50CF;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;struct&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x5BF9;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x89C1;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x65E0;&#x8BBA;&#x4F60;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x662F;&#x5199;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x91CC;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5C01;&#x88C5;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x4E09;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F18;&#x70B9;&#x3002;&#x9996;&#x5148;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x53EA;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x5C11;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x53EA;&#x8981;&#x5F04;&#x61C2;&#x5C11;&#x91CF;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#xFF0C;&#x9690;&#x85CF;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#x7EC6;&#x8282;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x9632;&#x6B62;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x90A3;&#x4E9B;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x4F7F;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5458;&#x5728;&#x4E0D;&#x7834;&#x574F;&#x5BF9;&#x5916;&#x7684;api&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x80FD;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x66F4;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x7531;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x628A;bytes.Buffer&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x6765;&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5728;&#x505A;&#x77ED;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x53E0;&#x52A0;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x5F88;&#x5E38;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x505A;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x9884;&#x5148;&#x7684;&#x4F18;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x63D0;&#x524D;&#x9884;&#x7559;&#x4E00;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#xFF0C;&#x6765;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x53CD;&#x590D;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x5206;&#x914D;&#x3002;&#x53C8;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;Buffer&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;struct&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x989D;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x9644;&#x52A0;&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x8282;&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x6765;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#xFF0C;&#x4E14;&#x653E;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5C0F;&#x5199;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x5728;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x63D0;&#x5347;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x9644;&#x52A0;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x3002;Buffer&#x548C;&#x5176;&#x589E;&#x957F;&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5217;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#xFF0C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x7B80;&#x6D01;&#x6027;&#x7A0D;&#x5FAE;&#x505A;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x7CBE;&#x7B80;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Buffer <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
    buf     []<span class="hljs-keyword">byte</span>
    initial [<span class="hljs-number">64</span>]<span class="hljs-keyword">byte</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">/* ... */</span>
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// Grow expands the buffer&apos;s capacity, if necessary,</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// to guarantee space for another n bytes. [...]</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (b *Buffer) Grow(n <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> b.buf == <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        b.buf = b.initial[:<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] <span class="hljs-comment">// use preallocated space initially</span>
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(b.buf)+n &gt; <span class="hljs-built_in">cap</span>(b.buf) {
        buf := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>([]<span class="hljs-keyword">byte</span>, b.Len(), <span class="hljs-number">2</span>*<span class="hljs-built_in">cap</span>(b.buf) + n)
        <span class="hljs-built_in">copy</span>(buf, b.buf)
        b.buf = buf
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5C01;&#x88C5;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x4F18;&#x70B9;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x6700;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x4F18;&#x70B9;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x963B;&#x6B62;&#x4E86;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x5BF9;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x5730;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x53EA;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x88AB;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5305;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA9;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x786E;&#x4FDD;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;Counter&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x6765;&#x589E;&#x52A0;counter&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x5C06;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x503C;reset&#x4E3A;0&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x968F;&#x4FBF;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x503C;&#xFF08;&#x8BD1;&#x6CE8;&#xFF1A;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x538B;&#x6839;&#x5C31;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x4E0D;&#x5230;&#xFF09;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Counter <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> { n <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> }
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (c *Counter) N() <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>     { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> c.n }
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (c *Counter) Increment() { c.n++ }
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (c *Counter) Reset()     { c.n = <span class="hljs-number">0</span> }
</code></pre>
<p>&#x53EA;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x6216;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x88AB;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;setter&#x6216;&#x8005;getter&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;log&#x5305;&#x91CC;&#x7684;Logger&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;getter&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x4F1A;&#x7701;&#x7565;&#x6389;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x7684;Get&#x524D;&#x7F00;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x7B80;&#x6D01;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x504F;&#x597D;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x63A8;&#x5E7F;&#x5230;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x524D;&#x7F00;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;Fetch&#xFF0C;Find&#x6216;&#x8005;Lookup&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> log
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Logger <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
    flags  <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>
    prefix <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (l *Logger) Flags() <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (l *Logger) SetFlags(flag <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (l *Logger) Prefix() <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (l *Logger) SetPrefix(prefix <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>)
</code></pre>
<p>Go&#x7684;&#x7F16;&#x7801;&#x98CE;&#x683C;&#x4E0D;&#x7981;&#x6B62;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x7136;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x65E6;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x529E;&#x6CD5;&#x5728;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;API&#x517C;&#x5BB9;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x53BB;&#x9664;&#x5BF9;&#x5176;&#x7684;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x7684;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x8981;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;&#x6DF1;&#x601D;&#x719F;&#x8651;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x8981;&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x5230;&#x5305;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#xFF0C;&#x672A;&#x6765;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x8D28;&#x91CF;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x4F1A;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x70B9;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x800C;&#x53D8;&#x5DEE;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5C01;&#x88C5;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x603B;&#x662F;&#x7406;&#x60F3;&#x7684;&#x3002;
&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x5C01;&#x88C5;&#x5728;&#x6709;&#x4E9B;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x662F;&#x5FC5;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x6709;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E5F;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x66B4;&#x9732;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;time.Duration&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x8868;&#x73B0;&#x66B4;&#x9732;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;int64&#x6570;&#x5B57;&#x7684;&#x7EB3;&#x79D2;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x5F97;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x503C;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x6765;&#x5BF9;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5BF9;&#x6BD4;&#xFF0C;&#x751A;&#x81F3;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x5E38;&#x91CF;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> day = <span class="hljs-number">24</span> * time.Hour
fmt.Println(day.Seconds()) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;86400&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;IntSet&#x548C;&#x672C;&#x7AE0;&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x7684;geometry.Path&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5BF9;&#x6BD4;&#x3002;Path&#x88AB;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;slice&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x5176;&#x8C03;&#x7528;slice&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x9762;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x6765;&#x5BF9;&#x5176;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x7684;points&#x7528;range&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8FED;&#x4EE3;&#x904D;&#x5386;&#xFF1B;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;IntSet&#x662F;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x529E;&#x6CD5;&#x8BA9;&#x4F60;&#x8FD9;&#x4E48;&#x505A;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x51B3;&#x5B9A;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#xFF1A;geometry.Path&#x7684;&#x672C;&#x8D28;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5750;&#x6807;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x591A;&#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x5C11;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x9884;&#x89C1;&#x5230;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x4E5F;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x7ED9;&#x4ED6;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x989D;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;geometry&#x5305;&#x4E2D;&#x5C06;Path&#x66B4;&#x9732;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;slice&#x3002;&#x76F8;&#x6BD4;&#x4E4B;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;IntSet&#x4EC5;&#x4EC5;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x7528;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;[]uint64&#x7684;slice&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x8FD8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;[]uint&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x6765;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x751A;&#x81F3;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x5360;&#x7528;&#x66F4;&#x5C0F;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x4E1C;&#x897F;&#x6765;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x8FD8;&#x4F1A;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x989D;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x6765;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4E2D;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x7684;&#x4E2A;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x4E5F;&#x6B63;&#x662F;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8BA9;IntSet&#x5BF9;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x4E0D;&#x900F;&#x660E;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x7AE0;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5B66;&#x5230;&#x4E86;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x5C06;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x4E0E;&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x7EC4;&#x5408;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x77E5;&#x9053;&#x4E86;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x5C3D;&#x7BA1;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;OOP&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#x81F3;&#x5173;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x53EA;&#x662F;OOP&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x534A;&#x8FB9;&#x5929;&#x3002;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;OOP&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD8;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x3002;Go&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x4E0B;&#x4E00;&#x7AE0;&#x4E2D;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x3002;</p>

                                
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